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Introduction for Statute in Law –

Statutes, also known as legislative acts or laws, are an integral part of the legal system in India. They are enacted by the legislative bodies, such as the Parliament or State Legislatures, and serve as authoritative rules and regulations governing various aspects of society, governance, and individual rights. Statutes play a crucial role in shaping the legal landscape and ensuring the fair and consistent application of laws.

Statutes are created through a well-defined legislative process that involves the introduction of bills, their discussion and debate, voting, and ultimately, formal approval by the legislative body. They cover a wide range of subjects, including criminal law, civil law, labor law, taxation, environmental protection, consumer rights, and more. Each statute addresses specific issues, establishes rights and obligations, and provides mechanisms for their enforcement.

One of the distinguishing features of statutes is their binding force. Once enacted, statutes have the force of law and must be complied with by individuals, organizations, and government entities within the jurisdiction covered by the specific statute. Failure to comply with statutory provisions may result in legal consequences, penalties, or sanctions.

Statutes are characterized by their clarity, certainty, and accessibility. They are typically drafted in a structured and organized manner, using precise language and terminology to ensure clarity in interpretation and application. Statutes are published and made available to the public, allowing individuals to be aware of their rights, obligations, and the legal framework that governs them.

In the legal system, statutes interact with other sources of law, such as constitutional provisions, judicial precedents, and customary laws. Statutes must conform to the provisions of the Indian Constitution, and any conflicts between statutes and constitutional principles are resolved in favor of the constitution.

Courts play a vital role in the interpretation and application of statutes. They analyze the language, intent, and purpose of statutes in specific cases, providing authoritative interpretations that guide legal proceedings and establish precedents for future cases. Judicial interpretation contributes to the development and evolution of legal principles and doctrines.

Overall, statutes form the backbone of the legal system in India, providing a framework for rights, obligations, and procedures. They reflect the will of the legislature and serve as the primary source of law, ensuring order, fairness, and justice in society. Understanding statutes and their implications is essential for individuals, legal professionals, and stakeholders to navigate the legal landscape and exercise their rights and responsibilities within the bounds of the law.

What do you mean by statute in law under Indian Constitution?-

In law, a statute refers to a written law that has been formally enacted by a legislative body, such as the Parliament or State Legislature, and is binding and enforceable within a particular jurisdiction. In the context of the Indian Constitution, statutes are laws that are created by the Parliament of India or the respective State Legislatures.

Under the Indian Constitution, the legislative powers are divided between the Union Government (central government) and the State Governments. The Parliament has the authority to enact laws on subjects specified in the Union List and Concurrent List, while the State Legislatures have the power to make laws on subjects specified in the State List and Concurrent List.

Statutes passed by the Parliament are applicable to the whole of India, while statutes passed by State Legislatures are applicable only within their respective states. These statutes cover various areas such as criminal law, civil law, taxation, labor laws, intellectual property rights, and so on.

Statutes typically go through a defined process before they become law, including drafting, introduction, debate, voting, and receiving the President’s or Governor’s assent, depending on the level of the legislation. Once a statute is enacted, it becomes an authoritative source of law, and individuals and institutions are legally bound to comply with its provisions.

It’s important to note that the Indian Constitution itself is a written statute that serves as the supreme law of the land and provides the framework for governance in India. Statutes enacted under the authority of the Constitution must be in conformity with its provisions, and any law inconsistent with the Constitution can be declared void by the courts.

What is the object of statute in Indian Law?

The object or purpose of a statute in Indian law refers to the underlying aim or intention for which the law is enacted. The object of a statute is usually articulated in the preamble or introductory section of the law, which provides a brief statement about the purpose and objectives of the legislation.

In Indian law, the object of a statute can vary depending on the specific law and its subject matter. Some common objects of statutes in Indian law include:

Regulation and governance: Many statutes are enacted to regulate various aspects of society, such as criminal law, civil law, commercial law, labor law, environmental law, and so on. These laws are intended to establish a legal framework for governing the behavior of individuals, organizations, and institutions within the specified jurisdiction.
Protection of rights: Statutes are often enacted to safeguard and protect the rights and interests of individuals and groups. For example, laws related to fundamental rights, human rights, consumer protection, women’s rights, child rights, and minority rights aim to ensure equality, justice, and protection for vulnerable sections of society.
Promotion of social welfare: Some statutes are enacted with the objective of promoting social welfare and public good. These laws may focus on areas such as education, healthcare, social security, poverty alleviation, rural development, and empowerment of marginalized communities.
Economic regulation: Statutes related to economic regulation, such as taxation laws, competition laws, and corporate laws, are enacted to promote economic growth, regulate business practices, protect consumers, ensure fair competition, and maintain financial stability.
Administration and governance: Statutes are also enacted to establish administrative bodies, define their powers and functions, and provide a legal framework for efficient governance and administration. Examples include laws related to the establishment of regulatory authorities, administrative tribunals, and statutory bodies.

It’s important to note that the object of a statute may be expressly stated within the law itself or can be inferred from the context, purpose, and provisions of the legislation. The object of a statute plays a significant role in interpreting and applying the law, as it provides insight into the legislative intent behind its enactment.

What are the basic principles of statutes in Indian Law?

The basic principles of statutes in Indian law include:

Constitutional Validity: Any statute enacted in India must be in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution. The Constitution serves as the supreme law of the land, and any law inconsistent with its provisions can be declared void by the courts. Statutes must adhere to the constitutional framework and respect the fundamental rights and principles enshrined in the Constitution.
Legislative Competence: Statutes must be enacted by the appropriate legislative body that possesses the constitutional authority to legislate on the subject matter. The Parliament has the power to enact laws on subjects specified in the Union List and Concurrent List, while State Legislatures have the power to make laws on subjects specified in the State List and Concurrent List. Any law enacted by a legislative body without the requisite legislative competence is considered invalid.
Clarity and Certainty: Statutes should be drafted in a clear and precise manner to ensure that they are easily understandable by the general public and those who are subject to the law. The language used in statutes should be unambiguous, avoiding vagueness or ambiguity that could lead to confusion or inconsistent interpretation.
Presumption of Legality: There is a presumption that statutes are enacted by the legislature with a lawful purpose and intention. Courts generally presume that the legislature has acted within its constitutional authority and in accordance with the principles of natural justice and fairness.
Prospective Operation: Statutes are presumed to operate prospectively, which means they apply to future actions and events unless expressly stated otherwise. The general principle is that laws do not have retrospective effect, unless there is clear intention expressed in the statute to apply it retroactively.
Non-Retroactivity of Penal Laws: Penal statutes, which impose criminal liability or prescribe punishment, are generally not applied retrospectively. This principle is derived from the maxim “nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege,” which means no crime or punishment without a pre-existing law.
Presumption against Absurdity: Courts presume that the legislature does not intend to enact laws that lead to absurd or unreasonable results. If a literal interpretation of a statute would lead to an absurdity, the courts may interpret the law in a manner that aligns with the legislative intent and avoids any unreasonable consequences.
Harmonious Construction: In case of conflicts or inconsistencies between different statutes or provisions within a statute, courts strive to interpret and harmonize the laws to give effect to the overall legislative intent and avoid contradictions, if possible.

These principles guide the interpretation, application, and validity of statutes in Indian law, ensuring that laws are consistent, just, and in line with the constitutional framework.

What is difference between statutory law and constitutional law?-

Statutory law and constitutional law are two distinct branches of law that serve different purposes and operate at different levels within the legal system. Here’s the difference between the two:

Statutory Law:

Enactment: Statutory law refers to laws that are created and enacted by the legislative bodies, such as the Parliament or State Legislatures. These laws are formulated, debated, and passed by the legislative process.
Subject Matter: Statutory laws cover a wide range of legal areas and address specific issues within society, such as criminal law, civil law, commercial law, labor law, taxation, intellectual property, and so on. They regulate the conduct of individuals, organizations, and institutions within a particular jurisdiction.
Source of Authority: Statutory laws derive their authority from the legislative bodies that have the power to make laws. These bodies are established under the constitution and have the authority to create, amend, or repeal statutes.
Flexibility: Statutory laws can be amended or repealed by the same legislative body that enacted them. They can be modified or updated to respond to changing social, economic, or legal circumstances.
Interpretation: Statutory laws are interpreted and applied by the courts based on the language, context, and intent of the law. Courts may also consider the legislative history and purpose behind the statute in their interpretation.

Constitutional Law:

Enactment: Constitutional law refers to the body of law that establishes and defines the fundamental principles, structure, and functioning of a government. It consists of the provisions and principles enshrined in a constitution.
Subject Matter: Constitutional law deals with the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, the division of powers between different branches of government, the structure and functioning of government institutions, the relationship between the central and state governments, and the mechanisms for amending the constitution.
Source of Authority: Constitutional law derives its authority from the constitution, which is the supreme law of the land. It sets out the framework for governance and establishes the powers and limitations of the government.
Rigidity: Constitutional laws are relatively rigid and require a formal amendment process to be modified. Amendments to the constitution generally involve a higher threshold, such as a special majority or a separate constitutional amendment procedure.
Judicial Review: Constitutional law is subject to judicial review, meaning that the courts have the authority to interpret the constitution and determine the validity of laws or actions that are inconsistent with constitutional provisions. Courts ensure that laws are in conformity with the constitution and protect fundamental rights and principles.

In summary, statutory law is created by legislative bodies and regulates specific areas of law, while constitutional law establishes the fundamental principles and framework of government. Statutory laws are more flexible and subject to regular amendments, while constitutional laws are relatively rigid and require a more involved amendment process. Constitutional law is subject to judicial review, whereas statutory laws are interpreted and applied by the courts based on their language and intent.

What is the difference between statutory and constitutional body in India?-

In India, statutory bodies and constitutional bodies are two different types of organizations established under specific laws or provisions within the Indian legal framework. Here’s the difference between the two:

Statutory Bodies:

Establishment: Statutory bodies are created by an Act of Parliament or State Legislature, known as a statute. These bodies are established to carry out specific functions, tasks, or responsibilities as prescribed by the statute.
Nature and Purpose: Statutory bodies are usually created to regulate and govern specific sectors or areas of public interest. They are given powers and authority to make rules, issue guidelines, enforce regulations, and perform other functions within their designated domain.
Scope and Jurisdiction: Statutory bodies operate within the framework and scope defined by the statute that establishes them. They are generally limited to the specific subject matter or sector for which they are created.
Composition: The composition of statutory bodies may vary depending on the statute. They can consist of government officials, experts, professionals, or individuals from relevant fields. Some statutory bodies may also include representatives from various stakeholders or the public.
Control and Reporting: Statutory bodies are accountable to the respective administrative ministry or department of the government that oversees their functioning. They are required to provide reports, updates, and periodic submissions to the relevant authority.
Amendment or Dissolution: Statutory bodies can be amended or dissolved through the same legislative process that established them. Amendments or dissolution usually require a formal legislative action, such as the enactment of a new law or amendment to the existing law.

Constitutional Bodies:

Establishment: Constitutional bodies are created and provided for in the Constitution of India itself. They are established by specific provisions within the constitution.
Nature and Purpose: Constitutional bodies play a crucial role in upholding and protecting the constitutional principles, fundamental rights, and democratic functioning of the country. They are designed to serve as independent and impartial institutions that act as checks and balances on the executive and legislative branches of government.
Scope and Jurisdiction: Constitutional bodies have broader jurisdiction and authority compared to statutory bodies. They are responsible for overseeing important aspects of governance, including the protection of fundamental rights, the conduct of elections, ensuring transparency, and upholding constitutional values.
Composition: Constitutional bodies are typically composed of individuals who are appointed or nominated in a manner specified by the constitution or relevant legislation. The composition of constitutional bodies often includes individuals with high qualifications, expertise, and experience.
Autonomy and Independence: Constitutional bodies are intended to be independent and free from undue influence or interference from the government or other entities. They are vested with certain powers and autonomy to carry out their functions without fear or favor.
Amendment or Dissolution: Amendments to the composition, powers, or functions of constitutional bodies usually require a formal amendment to the Constitution itself. Dissolution or removal of constitutional bodies is typically not easy and may involve complex legal procedures or constitutional amendments.

In summary, statutory bodies are created by specific statutes and have limited jurisdiction within a particular subject matter, while constitutional bodies are established under the Constitution and have a broader scope, often serving as guardians of constitutional principles and democratic processes. Statutory bodies are accountable to the respective administrative authority, while constitutional bodies are designed to be independent and autonomous. The process for amending or dissolving statutory bodies is relatively simpler compared to the constitutional bodies, which require constitutional amendments.

What is the difference between statutory right and constitutional right?

Statutory rights and constitutional rights are two different categories of rights recognized and protected under the legal systems of various countries, including India. Here’s the difference between the two:

Statutory Rights:

Source: Statutory rights derive from statutes or laws enacted by the legislative bodies, such as the Parliament or State Legislatures. These rights are created by specific legislation and are enforceable within the legal framework established by the statute.
Subject Matter: Statutory rights cover a wide range of legal areas and can pertain to various aspects of life, such as labor rights, consumer rights, property rights, contractual rights, and more. They are designed to regulate relationships and interactions between individuals, organizations, and institutions within a particular jurisdiction.
Flexibility: Statutory rights can be modified, amended, or repealed by the same legislative body that enacted them. They can be updated or changed as societal needs and priorities evolve. The legislative body has the authority to modify statutory rights through the legislative process.
Enforcement: Statutory rights are generally enforced through legal proceedings in courts or through administrative procedures established by the relevant legislation. Individuals can assert their statutory rights and seek remedies or redressal through legal mechanisms.
Scope: Statutory rights apply to individuals or entities within the jurisdiction covered by the specific legislation. They are limited to the subject matter and scope defined by the statute itself.
Interplay with Constitutional Rights: Statutory rights must be consistent with constitutional rights. If there is a conflict between a statutory right and a constitutional right, the constitutional right takes precedence, and the statutory provision may be declared void to the extent of the inconsistency.

Constitutional Rights:

Source: Constitutional rights are inherent rights recognized and protected by a country’s constitution. These rights are enshrined in the constitutional text itself and form a fundamental part of the constitutional framework.
Subject Matter: Constitutional rights encompass fundamental human rights and freedoms that are considered essential to individuals’ dignity, liberty, equality, and participation in democratic societies. They include rights such as the right to life, liberty, equality before the law, freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and more.
Rigidity: Constitutional rights are relatively rigid and require a formal amendment process to be modified. Amendments to the constitution usually involve a higher threshold, such as a special majority or a separate constitutional amendment procedure.
Enforcement: Constitutional rights are enforceable through the courts. Individuals can directly approach the courts to seek protection and enforcement of their constitutional rights. Courts play a crucial role in interpreting and upholding constitutional rights, ensuring their effectiveness and protecting individuals from any infringement.
Scope: Constitutional rights apply to all individuals within the jurisdiction covered by the constitution. They have a broad application and are not limited to specific subject matters.
Supremacy: Constitutional rights hold a higher status and significance compared to statutory rights. If there is a conflict between a statutory provision and a constitutional right, the constitutional right prevails, and the statutory provision may be invalidated to the extent of the inconsistency.

In summary, statutory rights are created through legislation and cover specific legal areas, while constitutional rights are inherent, fundamental rights protected by the constitution itself. Statutory rights can be modified by the legislative body, while constitutional rights are relatively rigid and require constitutional amendments. Statutory rights are enforced through legal mechanisms, while constitutional rights are protected and enforced by the courts. Constitutional rights have a higher status and hold greater importance within the legal framework.

What are the types of statutes in Indian Law?

In Indian law, statutes can be classified into various types based on their nature, purpose, and scope. Here are some common types of statutes in Indian law:

Constitutional Statutes: These are statutes enacted to amend or modify the provisions of the Indian Constitution. Constitutional statutes play a significant role in shaping and interpreting the constitutional framework and its principles.
Central Acts: Central Acts are statutes enacted by the Parliament of India. These laws have nationwide applicability and regulate matters falling within the Union List or Concurrent List of the Constitution, which are subjects under the central government’s jurisdiction.
State Acts: State Acts are statutes enacted by State Legislatures. These laws have applicability within the respective state and govern matters falling within the State List or Concurrent List, which are subjects under the state government’s jurisdiction.
Money Bills: Money Bills are a specific type of legislation introduced in the Parliament to deal with matters related to taxation, government expenditures, and other financial matters. Money Bills are governed by Article 110 of the Indian Constitution and have specific procedural requirements.
Criminal Statutes: Criminal statutes define and regulate offenses, penalties, and procedures related to criminal activities. These laws include the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and various specialized criminal laws covering different offenses.
Civil Statutes: Civil statutes govern civil matters, including contracts, property rights, family law, torts, commercial law, and other non-criminal legal issues. Examples include the Indian Contract Act, Transfer of Property Act, and the Code of Civil Procedure.
Labor Laws: Labor laws regulate employment, workers’ rights, industrial relations, and social security. These statutes provide protection to workers, ensure fair working conditions, and regulate employer-employee relationships. Laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, and Industrial Disputes Act fall under this category.
Environmental Statutes: Environmental statutes are enacted to protect and conserve the environment, prevent pollution, and promote sustainable development. Laws like the Environment Protection Act, Wildlife Protection Act, and Air and Water Pollution Control Acts come under this category.
Consumer Protection Statutes: These statutes aim to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers. They provide a legal framework for consumer protection, product quality control, and dispute resolution. The Consumer Protection Act is a prominent statute in this category.
Specialized Statutes: There are numerous specialized statutes addressing specific sectors or areas of law, such as intellectual property laws (Patents Act, Copyright Act), taxation laws (Income Tax Act, Goods and Services Tax Act), corporate laws (Companies Act), and more.

These are just a few examples of the types of statutes in Indian law. The Indian legal system encompasses a wide range of laws and statutes that regulate various aspects of society, governance, and individual rights.

What is the structure of a statute in Indian Law?

In Indian law, statutes typically follow a standard structure that helps ensure clarity, organization, and ease of interpretation. The structure of a statute in Indian law generally includes the following components:

Title: The title of the statute provides a brief description of the subject matter or purpose of the law. It serves as a reference point for identifying and distinguishing the statute from others.
Preamble: The preamble sets out the introductory statement of the statute, expressing the legislative intent, objectives, and reasons behind enacting the law. It provides context and background information about the purpose and scope of the statute.
Chapters and Sections: Statutes are divided into chapters, which are further divided into sections. Chapters group together related provisions that address specific aspects of the subject matter. Sections contain the substantive provisions of the law, each dealing with a particular issue or rule.
Definitions: Statutes often include a section containing definitions of key terms used throughout the law. Definitions help clarify the meaning of specific words or phrases used in the statute to ensure consistent interpretation and application.
Main Provisions: The main body of the statute contains the substantive provisions that set out the rights, duties, obligations, prohibitions, and procedures related to the subject matter of the law. These provisions define the legal rights and obligations of individuals, organizations, or entities affected by the statute.
Schedules: Statutes may include schedules, which are additional parts of the law that provide supplementary information, forms, lists, or other details. Schedules are typically attached at the end of the statute and are considered an integral part of the law.
Repeal and Savings Clauses: Repeal and savings clauses are included in statutes to address the effect of the new law on existing laws. The repeal clause specifies which previous laws or provisions are being revoked or replaced by the new statute. The savings clause determines whether any rights, obligations, or proceedings under the repealed law will continue to be valid or unaffected by the new law.
Transitional or Interim Provisions: In certain cases, statutes may include transitional or interim provisions that govern the transition from the previous legal framework to the new law. These provisions address the implementation, applicability, and phasing-in of the new law, ensuring a smooth transition.
Miscellaneous Provisions: Statutes often include a miscellaneous provisions section that covers various administrative or procedural matters, such as rule-making powers, appointment of authorities or tribunals, penalties for non-compliance, enforcement mechanisms, and other provisions necessary for the effective functioning of the law.

It’s important to note that the specific structure and organization of a statute may vary depending on the subject matter, the legislative body that enacted it, and the drafting conventions followed. However, the elements mentioned above provide a general framework for understanding the structure of statutes in Indian law.

What is statutory and non statutory law in India?

In Indian law, statutory law and non-statutory law are two distinct categories of laws that differ in their sources and legal authority. Here’s an explanation of each:

Statutory Law: Statutory law, also known as legislation or enacted law, refers to laws that are formally created and enacted by the legislative body, such as the Parliament or State Legislatures, through the legislative process. These laws are set forth in statutes or acts, which are written laws passed by the legislative authority and receive formal approval.

Characteristics of Statutory Law:

Enactment: Statutory laws are created through the process of legislation. Bills are introduced in the legislative body, undergo debates, discussions, and voting, and once passed, they become acts or statutes.
Legislative Authority: Statutory laws derive their legal authority from the legislative body that enacts them. They are binding and enforceable within the jurisdiction covered by the specific statute.
Examples: Examples of statutory laws in India include the Indian Penal Code, the Companies Act, the Consumer Protection Act, the Income Tax Act, and the Code of Civil Procedure.

Non-Statutory Law: Non-statutory law, also known as common law or judge-made law, refers to legal principles and rules that have been developed and established by judicial decisions over time. These laws are derived from the interpretation and application of statutes, precedents, customs, and equitable principles by the courts.

Characteristics of Non-Statutory Law:

Judicial Interpretation: Non-statutory laws are developed through the process of judicial interpretation and the application of legal principles by the courts. Courts interpret statutes, review precedents, and develop legal doctrines and principles based on their findings.
Legal Precedents: Non-statutory laws are established through the doctrine of stare decisis, which means courts are bound to follow previous decisions and rulings when faced with similar cases. These precedents contribute to the development and evolution of legal principles over time.
Examples: Examples of non-statutory laws in India include the principles of natural justice, the doctrine of legitimate expectation, the rule of audi alteram partem, and various interpretations and clarifications made by the courts in specific cases.

It’s important to note that while statutory law is binding and can be enforced by the courts, non-statutory law is persuasive and influential in shaping legal interpretations and decisions. However, non-statutory laws cannot override or contradict the provisions of statutory law.

What are the Important key features of Statute in Indian Law?

Statutes in Indian law possess several important key features that contribute to their significance and functioning within the legal system. Here are some of the key features of statutes in Indian law:

Legislative Authority: Statutes derive their legal authority from the legislative bodies in India, such as the Parliament at the central level or State Legislatures at the state level. These legislative bodies are empowered to create and enact laws through the legislative process, which involves the introduction, debate, voting, and formal approval of bills.
Binding Force: Once enacted, statutes are binding and have the force of law within the jurisdiction covered by the specific statute. Individuals, organizations, and entities are legally obligated to comply with the provisions and requirements set forth in the statutes. Failure to adhere to statutory obligations may lead to legal consequences or penalties.
Clarity and Certainty: Statutes aim to provide clear and precise guidelines, rules, and regulations on specific subjects or matters. They are drafted in a structured and organized manner, employing specific terminology and language to ensure clarity and certainty in the interpretation and application of the law.
Presumption of Legitimacy: Statutes are presumed to be valid and legitimate until proven otherwise. Courts generally assume that the legislature has acted within its constitutional powers and has considered relevant factors while enacting the statute. The burden of proving the invalidity or unconstitutionality of a statute lies with the party challenging it.
Amendment and Repeal: Statutes can be amended or repealed through the same legislative process by which they were enacted. Legislative bodies have the authority to modify, update, or revoke statutes based on changing social, economic, or legal circumstances. Amendments or repeals typically require the introduction of a new bill or the passage of a subsequent statute.
Supremacy of the Constitution: Statutes must conform to the provisions and principles of the Indian Constitution. If there is any conflict between a statute and the constitutional provisions, the constitution prevails, and the statutory provision may be declared void to the extent of the inconsistency.
Judicial Interpretation: Courts play a vital role in interpreting and applying statutes in specific cases. Courts analyze the language, intent, and purpose of the statute and provide authoritative interpretations that guide the understanding and implementation of the law. Judicial interpretations contribute to the development of legal principles and doctrines.
Application to Future Cases: Statutes are not limited to the specific cases or situations that prompted their enactment. They are intended to apply to similar circumstances or cases that arise in the future, providing a framework for consistency and predictability in the legal system.
Public Accessibility: Statutes are typically published and made accessible to the public. They are often compiled in official gazettes, law journals, or government websites to ensure widespread knowledge and awareness of the law among the general public, legal professionals, and other stakeholders.

These key features of statutes in Indian law collectively contribute to the rule of law, the establishment of a legal framework, and the regulation of various aspects of society, governance, and individual rights.

Conclusion for Statute in Law-

In conclusion, statutes play a fundamental role in Indian law. They are legislative enactments created by the authorized legislative bodies, such as the Parliament or State Legislatures, and possess binding force within their jurisdiction. Statutes provide clarity, certainty, and legal obligations, guiding individuals, organizations, and entities in their rights, duties, and responsibilities.

The key features of statutes include their legislative authority, which stems from the elected representatives of the people, and their presumption of legitimacy. Statutes can be amended or repealed to adapt to changing circumstances and are subject to the supremacy of the Indian Constitution. Judicial interpretation of statutes by courts helps in their application and development of legal principles.

Statutes promote the rule of law, ensure consistency, and serve as a foundation for the legal system. They are accessible to the public, contributing to transparency and accountability. Overall, statutes form an essential part of the legal framework in India, governing various aspects of society and facilitating the administration of justice.

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